How a Waste Incinerator Works

How a Waste Incinerator Works

The principle of a waste incinerator is thermal oxidation, which involves burning waste at high temperatures to reduce its volume and destroy harmful substances, converting them into ash, flue gas, and heat.

The process typically involves feeding the waste into a primary combustion chamber for combustion, and then feeding the resulting hot gases into a secondary combustion chamber for complete combustion.

Key Principles and Steps: Combustion: Waste is introduced into the primary combustion chamber and burned with oxygen at extremely high temperatures (typically 900-1200°C or 1800-2200°F). This process significantly reduces the mass and volume of the waste.

Pyrolysis: The heat generated by the combustion process breaks the waste into gases and solids. The gases then enter a secondary combustion chamber.

Secondary Combustion: In the secondary combustion chamber, additional air is supplied, and the remaining gases are completely burned at extremely high temperatures to destroy any remaining volatile pollutants and toxic substances. Energy Recovery: The generated heat can be captured through a heat exchanger to generate steam, which drives a turbine to generate electricity, turning the facility into a waste-to-energy plant. Flue gas treatment: The hot gases from the secondary combustion chamber (flue gas) are treated to remove pollutants before being released into the atmosphere. This typically involves equipment such as scrubbers and filters.

Ash management: This process leaves behind sterile ash, which contains the inorganic components of the waste. This ash requires proper disposal as it may contain heavy metals.

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